Essay on School Lunches Lead to Obesity in Our Children

Nationally, about 17% of people under the age of 20, about 12.5 million are considered obese. School districts that serve students food that are high in calories and fat are to blame for the growing numbers of obese children. Although school lunches provide students food at minimal costs, the poor quality of food served delivers inadequate nutrition and is responsible for the rising numbers of obese minors in the United States. In order to combat this growing problem, school districts must limit student choices in the lunchroom and provide healthier food nationally. Although some school districts may argue this, it is necessary to do so as school districts in Pennsylvania and Mississippi and university studies support this claim. Despite†¦show more content†¦The problem begins to surface when students are fed food in schools that have low nutritional value. Even though many students consume most of their calories off campus, studies show that school districts that serve healthy school meals and limit foods low in nutritional value have lower rates of obesity. The state of Philadelphia reported a 5.5% drop in obesity rates of students in their school districts. California reported a 5% drop and New York a 4% drop. These numbers were collected between 2007 through 2012 (Eagle). Researchers are unclear of the reasons behind the decrease in obesity. However, what these states all have in common is that they are all fighting the battle of obesity through stricter lunch options. The School District of Pennsylvania established new lunch policies in 2004. With the implementation of the new policies, deep fryers were disposed after the district stopped buying oil to fill them. Whole milk was superseded by skim milk. The district also put limits on the size of chip bags and got rid of unhealthy foods and soft drinks that were previously served. T hrough 2011 and 2012, the School District of Philadelphia reported another 2.5% decrease in obesity prevalence of students. The district regularly takes measurements of students throughout the school year. The decreases of overweight children in the SchoolShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children985 Words   |  4 Pages Despite recent declines in the prevalence among preschool-aged children, obesity among children is still too high. For children and adolescents aged 2-19 years, the prevalence of obesity has remained fairly stable at about 17% and affects about 12.7 million children and adolescents for the past decade (CDC). Childhood obesity does not only affect children, but also has many long term health effects on our children as they get older, including, an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in both childhoodRead MoreObesity in Texas Children Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesObesity has become an epidemic in adults and children in the United States. Moreover, children are at risk of obesity because they do not eat enough fruits and vegetables and do not obtain enough physical activity. Also, children have a higher chance of developing health diseases related to obesity such as hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, heart disease, diabetes and pulmonary disease. In addition, obesity in children f rom ages one to seventeen is an issue in Texas, since children are not awareRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Problem1221 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is not only found amongst children, it is also found in pre-teen to teenage years as well. Childhood years are the most important period of a kids life, were they learn behavior and mold into the adult they will become. Starting bad eating habits early in the childhood years sets them up for more complications later in their lives. One out of three children in the U.S are obese, which most of them will end up facing a greater risk of having medical, social, emotional problems some even endRead MoreAre Nutritionists And Healthy Lunches?1421 Words   |  6 PagesNutritionists and Healthy Lunches Nowadays, more children in the United States are struggling with obesity. According to the State of Obesity (2012), â€Å"5 percent of 6-to-11-years-olds were severely obese† (para. 2). Since we discovered such information, we decided to follow big idea number ten which states, â€Å"Primary education (six to eight years) must be designed to meet the unique development of children this age† (Couchenour Chrisman, 2011, p. 276). We created an advocacy action plan called NutritionistsRead MoreDeveloping Eating Habits During School Lunches1671 Words   |  7 Pageswhile in elementary school, has often led to obesity and serious medical conditions. In a child’s early stages, it’s important for them to be taught about healthy decisions in order to avoid any future health complications that can have a dramatic effect on their lives. Moreover, while improving better school lunches, students in school will more likely be able to acquire the necessary amount of e nergy to get through the day. With the nutrition and energy from healthy lunches, students will increaseRead MoreSchool Lunches Should Be Mandatory Children1468 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican children are very fortunate for getting free meals in schools. But are they? After all cheap or free food often mean that the quality is the greatest. School children are the future of this country and therefore deserve a healthy future. Children are no longer leading active and healthy lives as the children in the past used to. Our current school lunch system is not best and to be fixed. Schools should be forced to provide children with nutrient dense food options because healthy children meansRead MoreThe School Lunch Program Is Essential For The Health And Wellbeing Of The Nation s Children1585 Words   |  7 PagesIn the school lunch policy market and non-market failure apply. I have chosen the school lunch system because it stems into the obesity epidemic. Obesity is a huge part of our so ciety, and the school lunch system plays a part in it. The purpose of the national school lunch program is to safeguard the health and wellbeing of the nation’s children. The school lunch program was declared in 1946 by congress in the national school lunch act. The school lunch program makes it possible for schools to serveRead MoreAn Advocacy Action Plan Called Nutritionists And Healthy Lunches1439 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, more children in the United States are struggling with obesity. According to the Obesity Rates and Trends (2015), â€Å"5 percent of 6-to-11-years-olds are severely obese† (para. 2). Since we discovered such information, we decided to follow Big Idea ten which states, â€Å"Primary education (six to eight years) must be designed to meet the unique development of children this age† (Couchenour Chrisman, 2011, p. 276). We created an advocacy action plan called Nutritionists and Healthy Lunches (N.H.L).Read MoreObesity And Its Effects On The United States1428 Words   |  6 PagesObesity i n the U.S. Today in the United States, obesity is the one of the leading causes of death in adults and children. Obesity also leads to several chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than one-third (34.9% or 78.6 million) of U.S. adults are obese (â€Å"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity†). This is such a scary fact to know that more than a third of American’s are obese. Obesity itself may impactRead MoreMichelle Obamas Food Fail951 Words   |  4 Pagesanti-obesity campaign has caused many student across the country to just stop eating school lunches. First Lady Michelle has cut and restricted so many things in the food requirements making it next to impossible for the schools to keep up. The requirements have been so strict that schools have to buy cheaper food to compensate for the nutritional value. She has been leading this for several years now and has planned on implementing even more restrictions in the future. Obesity in children is a

Thesis Violence and Mass Communication - 7788 Words

Effects of Exposure to Media Violence to the Psychological Development of the High School Students of Bulacan State University- Laboratory High School A Thesis Proposal Presented to Ms. Marjorie Miguel College of Arts and Letters Bulacan State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Communication Arts II For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication Major in Broadcasting By Calara, Jerica Mae S.P. Mendoza, Justine Mary Robert A. Navalta, Erl Chak S.J. Panti, Jeaneth D.P. Villalon, Maria Neren E. March 2012 BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY College of Arts and Letters School Year 2011 March 22, 2012 Faculty of the College of Arts and Letters College of Arts and Letters†¦show more content†¦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Cover Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 CHAPTER 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 CHAPTER 2 Introduction . . . . . . .Show MoreRelatedexample of informative speech outline Essay examples899 Words   |  4 PagesSpecific Purpose: To inform my audience the negative impact of social media in the society and to the individual. 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He was also a leader in the applications of Psychology principles to Politics and also in designing a structure of Politics which is based on theories of Natural SciencesRead MoreThemes of Filipino Komiks Short Stories: a Content Analysis Themes of Filipino Komiks Short Stories: a Content Analysis Themes of Filipino Komiks Short Stories: a Content Analysis5271 Words   |  22 Pagesproportion to the number of komiks publishers. There were Pilipino Komiks, Hiwaga Komiks, Espesyal Komiks, and Bulaklak Komiks. Their publication was twice weekly. The late 60s and early 70s saw the increase of komiks, which contained sex, crime and violence. The proclamation of Martial Law in September 1972 ended the proliferation of these comic books referred to as bomba because of the explicit pornography they contained. At present, there are more than 88 komiks titles issued weekly by publishersRead MoreAnalysis Of News And Social Media Effects On Society And Individuals Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagespaper will conduct a critical analysis of mass media and more specifically social media and the effects/persuasions it has on society and individuals. As this is fairly a debatable topic I will provide arguments focusing on the negative aspects of television and social media as well as some positives. b. My thesis sentence (or hypothesis) is: Utilizing a variety of literature from both Sociology and Psychology, I will provide facts and effects that mass media and more specifically social media hasRead MoreClausewitz On Nature And Character Of War1486 Words   |  6 Pagesown peculiar preconceptions.† The battlefield environment of the 21st century will be the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous, and nature of war will be completely different because of the Revolution in Military Affairs. Highly advance communication and information technologies, a dramatic increase in computing capabilities, developed of precision munitions, dominant air and space power ‘war could be waged by the projection of firepower onto land, from the maritime and aerospace domains. 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In Cohen â€Å"Thesis VII† from â€Å"Thesis I: The Monster’s Body is a Culture Body.†, the author explains, â€Å"The monster is born only at [a] metaphoric crossroads, as an embodiment f a certain culture moment-of a time, a feeling, and a place.† In fact, this conflict inspired to create Godzilla who is symbol of Japan tragedy and important part of culture tradition of country. Thesis Seven: The monster Stands at the Threshold ...of Becoming. MonstersRead MoreCritical Opinion On Critical Thinking1585 Words   |  7 Pagesrejection is a key term Geoff MacDonald and Mark Learycan proposed. Social rejection can trigger violence, and it can bring on defensive aggressive tendencies. People who report a chronic sense of rejection are more likely to act aggressively. This theory is evident in various situations that the United States has faced in recent years. My belief is that social rejection is what fueled the fire under the recent mass shooting tragedy that took place in Orlando. 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Through this cultural construct, the identity of a true America male was the identity of cowboy character in movies characterized by violence and brutality. The desires of American boys during this age were to become soldiers to expend their manhood

Macbeth Notes Essay Example For Students

Macbeth Notes Essay Macbeth Macbeth is a Scottish general and the thane of Glamis who is led to wicked thoughts by the prophecies of the three witches, especially after their prophecy that he will be made thane of Cawdor comes true. Macbeth is a brave soldier and a powerful man, but he is not a virtuous one. He is easily tempted into murder to fulfill his ambitions to the throne, and once he commits his first crime and is crowned king of Scotland, he embarks on further atrocities with increasing ease. Ultimately, Macbeth proves himself better suited to the battlefield than to political intrigue, because he lacks the skills necessary to rule without being a tyrant. His response to every problem is violence and murder. Unlike Shakespeares great villains, such as Iago in Othello and Richard III in Richard III, Macbeth is never comfortable in his role as a criminal. He is unable to bear the psychic consequences of his atrocities. Click here for In-Depth Analysis. Lady Macbeth Macbeths wife, a deeply ambitious woman who lusts for power and position. Early in the play she seems to be the stronger and more ruthless of the two, as she urges her husband to kill Duncan and seize the crown. After the bloodshed begins, however, Lady Macbeth falls victim to guilt and madness to an even greater degree than her husband. Her conscience affects her to such an extent that she eventually commits suicide. Interestingly, she and Macbeth are presented as being deeply in love, and many of Lady Macbeths speeches imply that her influence over her husband is primarily sexual. Their joint alienation from the world, occasioned by their partnership in crime, seems to strengthen the attachment that they feel to one another. Click here for In-Depth Analysis. The Three Witches Three black and midnight hags who plot mischief against Macbeth using charms, spells, and prophecies. Their predictions prompt him to murder Duncan, to order the deaths of Banquo and his son, and to blindly believe in his own immortality. The play leaves the witches true identity unclearaside from the fact that they are servants of Hecate, we know little about their place in the cosmos. In some ways they resemble the mythological Fates, who impersonally wove the threads of human destiny. They clearly take a perverse delight in using their knowledge of the future to toy with and destroy human beings. Click here for In-Depth Analysis. Banquo The brave, noble general whose children, according to the witches prophecy, will inherit the Scottish throne. Like Macbeth, Banquo thinks ambitious thoughts, but he does not translate those thoughts into action. In a sense, Banquos character stands as a rebuke to Macbeth, since he represents the path Macbeth chose not to take: a path in which ambition need not lead to betrayal and murder. Appropriately, then, it is Banquos ghostand not Duncansthat haunts Macbeth. In addition to embodying Macbeths guilt for killing Banquo, the ghost also reminds Macbeth that he did not emulate Banquos reaction to the witches prophecy. King Duncan The good king of Scotland whom Macbeth, ambitious for the crown, murders. Duncan is the model of a virtuous, benevolent, and farsighted ruler. His death symbolizes the destruction of an order in Scotland that can be restored only when Duncans line, in the person of Malcolm, once more occupies the throne. Macduff A Scottish nobleman hostile to Macbeths kingship from the start. He eventually becomes a leader of the crusade to unseat Macbeth. The crusades mission is to place the rightful king, Malcolm, on the throne, but Macduff also desires vengeance for Macbeths murder of Macduffs wife and young son. .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 , .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 .postImageUrl , .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 , .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043:hover , .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043:visited , .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043:active { border:0!important; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043:active , .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043 .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a741e6f8cf8dc76ab8ecca17c66b043:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Artificial Intelligence EssayMalcolm The son of Duncan, whose restoration to the throne signals Scotlands return to order following Macbeths reign of terror. Malcolm becomes a serious challenge to Macbeth with Macduffs aid (and the support of England). Prior to this, he appears weak and uncertain of his own power, as when he and Donalbain flee Scotland after their fathers murder. Hecate The goddess of witchcraft, who helps the three witches work their mischief on Macbeth. Fleance Banquos son, who survives Macbeths attempt to murder him. At the end of the play, Fleances whereabouts are unknown. Presumably, he may come to rule Scotland, fulfilling the witches prophecy that Banquos sons will sit on the Scottish throne. Lennox A Scottish nobleman. Ross A Scottish nobleman. The Murderers A group of ruffians conscripted by Macbeth to murder Banquo, Fleance (whom they fail to kill), and Macduffs wife and children. Porter The drunken doorman of Macbeths castle. Lady Macduff Macduffs wife. The scene in her castle provides our only glimpse of a domestic realm other than that of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. She and her home serve as contrasts to Lady Macbeth and the hellish world of Inverness. Donalbain Duncans son and Malcolms younger brother.

WWII - Rise Of The Superpowers Essays - International Relations

WWII - Rise of the Superpowers Rise of the Superpowers (USA & USSR) from events prior to and during WWII World War II: the process of superpowerdom It is often wondered how the superpowers achieved their position of dominance. It seems that the maturing of the two superpowers, Russia and the United States, can be traced to World War II. To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power and, related to this, a strong national ideology. It was this war, and its results, that caused each of these superpowers to experience such a preponderance of power. Before the war, both nations were fit to be described as great powers, but it would be erroneous to say that they were superpowers at that point. To understand how the second World War impacted these nations so greatly, we must examine the causes of the war. The United States gained its strength in world affairs from its status as an economic power. In the years before the war, America was the world's largest producer. In the USSR at the same time, Stalin was implementing his ?five year plans' to modernise the Soviet economy. From these situations, similar foreign policies resulted from widely divergent origins. Roosevelt's isolationism emerged from the wide and prevalent domestic desire to remain neutral in any international conflicts. It commonly widely believed that Americans entered the first World War simply in order to save industry's capitalist investments in Europe. Whether this is the case or not, Roosevelt was forced to work with an inherently isolationist Congress, only expanding its horizons after the bombing of Pearl Harbour. He signed the Neutrality Act of 1935, making it illegal for the United States to ship arms to the belligerents of any conflict. The act also stated that belligerents could buy only non-armaments from the US, and even these were only to be bought with cash. In contrast, Stalin was by necessity interested in European affairs, but only to the point of concern to the USSR. Russian foreign policy was fundamentally Leninist in its concern to keep the USSR out of war. Stalin wanted to consolidate Communist power and modernise the country's industry. The Soviet Union was committed to collective action for peace, as long as that commitment did not mean that the Soviet Union would take a brunt of a Nazi attack as a result. Examples of this can be seen in the Soviet Unions' attempts to achieve a mutual assistance treaty with Britain and France. These treaties, however, were designed more to create security for the West, as opposed to keeping all three signatories from harm. At the same time, Stalin was attempting to polarise both the Anglo-French, and the Axis powers against each other. The important result of this was the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, which partitioned Poland, and allowed Hitler to start the war. Another side-effect of his policy of playing both sides was that it caused incredible distrust towards the Soviets from the Western powers after 1940. This was due in part to the fact that Stalin made several demands for both influence in the Dardanelles, and for Bulgaria to be recognised as a Soviet dependant. The seeds of superpowerdom lie here however, in the late thirties. R.J. Overy has written that ?stability in Europe might have been achieved through the existence of powers so strong that they could impose their will on the whole of the international system, as has been the case since 1945?.? At the time, there was no power in the world that could achieve such a feat. Britain and France were in imperial decline, and more concerned about colonial economics than the stability of Europe. Both imperial powers assumed that empire-building would necessarily be an inevitable feature of the world system. German aggression could have been stifled early had the imperial powers had acted in concert. The memories of World War One however, were too powerful, and the general public would not condone a military solution at that point. The aggression of Germany, and to a lesser extent that of Italy, can be explained by this decline of imperial power. They were simply attempting to fill

Taiming Of The Shrew Characters Essays - The Taming Of The Shrew

Taiming Of The Shrew Characters Katherine: She is called the shrew, even by her father. She is always put second in her fathers eyes, next to her sister. She alters dramatically from an ill mannered shrew to a obedient and happy wife when she discovers her husband cares enough to try to change her for her own good, as well as his own. The shrew is not a shrew at all beneath the surface. Petruchio: he is Katherine's husband but he only marries her for her fathers money. During and after the wedding. His behavior seems very unreasonable, for example, he is late for the wedding, he carries his wife immediately afterwards, starves her, and keeps her from sleeping. But this all comes out in loving apparel. He is not exactly Gentle, but he is exactly what Katherine needs. Bianca: Apparently gentle in her behavior, she is a unkind sister and a disobedient wife. She has her fathers attitude of favoritism for herself and dislike for Katherine by playing the part of the victim. Ironically as it seams towards the end of the play, she is more of a shrew than her sister. Lucentio: Is Bianca's husband, devoted to her for obscure reasons. Both he and Bianca are selfish in their love, they are a typical pair of immature lovers, they think only of themselves and each considers their own wishes before their beloved. Baptista: He is the father of both Katherine and Bianca. He has much difficulty marrying both of them because of one being a notorious shrew. He ignores the question of his daughters' happiness in seeking mates for them. In the case of Bianca, to make a good bargain and attain the highest possible financial concessions from the suitors and, in Kate's case, simply to be rid of a problem child. He practically auctions off his favorite, offering her to whichever suitor will give the highest bid, without asking her. He will give Katherine to anyone who will take her off his hands. Vincentio: Is Lucentio's father, he is extremely fond of his son and is grief-stricken when he discovers his son may have come to harm.

Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism

Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism Introduction Sustainability has become a buzzword in contemporary tourism research and practice. Thousands of businesses claim themselves to be sustainable, because they provide their services without damaging the environment. More often than not, sustainability is understood in the context of environmental protection and community development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sustainable tourism is expected to be able to balance its profitability concerns with the needs of communities. Apparently, the tools and resources used to promote sustainable tourism differ considerably across communities and settings. This paper is a review of the current theoretical and empirical literature related to the topic of sustainable tourism. The main themes to be discussed in this review include: definition of sustainability and its theore tical underpinnings, the problems of measuring sustainability and tourism, as well as the case studies of sustainable tourism presented in literature. Tourism and Sustainability: Defining the Concept Sustainability is a common topic in contemporary literature. However, its meaning is often taken for granted. Few, if any, researchers discussed the concept of sustainability in detail. Of all articles retrieved in this literature search, only Lansing and De Vries (2007) decided to review the meaning of the sustainability concept, as applied in tourism. According to Lansing and De Vries (2007), the concept of sustainability in tourism has numerous categorisations and definitions, and this is also why the debate over sustainable tourism remains so fragmented and confusing. Saarinen (2006) supports this view and suggests that the concept of sustainable tourism continues to interest and irritate researchers. Lansing and De Vries (2007) take the definition of the World Tourism Organisation (WTO) as the starting point for their analysis. This is also the definition, which is to be used in this review of literature: sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability (Lansing De Vries 2007, p.78). In other words, sustainability in tourism emphasises the importance of ethics. Sustainable tourism enables communities and host countries to retain the benefits of tourism (Lansing De Vries 2007). Sustainable tourism is impossible without showing respect for the major socio-cultural aspects of community development and growth. All these are the fundamental requirements of sustainability in tourism.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sustainability in Tourism: Theories and Implications It should be noted, that sustainability remains a popular topic of research and policy development. Saarinen (2006) writes that sustainability in tourism can be readily associated with almost all scales and kinds of tourist activities. Many sustainability features have been borrowed from the earlier studies and are nothing new. Still, several essential themes in the study of sustainable tourism can be identified. Saarinen (2006) speaks about three distinct traditions of sustainability in research: activity-based, resource-based, and community-based. The resource-based tradition was developed in response to the growing shortages of various community resources. Researchers in tourism were trying to find a magic number which, once overstepped, would inevitably result in irreversibly negative impacts on the community and environment (Saarinen 2006). This tradition was closely associated with natural sciences and the positivist philosophy. The activity-based tradition was intended to clo se the gaps in the resource-based view of sustainability (Saarinen 2006). This tradition in sustainability research was industry-oriented and tourism-centric (Saarinen 2006). Finally, the community-based tradition came to resolve the existing dualities between the resource-based and activity-based research traditions (Saarinen 2006). At present, it is through the prism of community development that most approaches to sustainable tourism are reconsidered and evaluated. In the meantime, researchers are developing new theoretical approaches to sustainability and reconsider the concept of sustainable tourism through various theoretical lenses. Mowforth and Munt (2003) discussed the principles and tools of sustainability in tourism. According to Mowforth and Munt (2003), none of the existing sustainability definitions is entirely satisfactory; therefore, the degree of sustainability in various tourist activities should be judged, based on whether or not they meet a number of criteria. Th ese criteria include but are not limited to: environmental benefits, social, cultural, and economic benefits, educational implications, and local participation (Mowforth Munt 2003). The researchers discuss each type of sustainability in detail, but the most interesting is their evaluation of educational sustainability in tourism. Mowforth and Munt (2003) suggest that sustainable tourism must provide an educational input, by informing community members about the benefits of tourism or teaching them to do sustainable tourism right.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As mentioned earlier, the activity- and community-based paradigms in sustainable tourism research came to reflect the dynamics and changeability of sustainable practices in tourism (Saarinen 2006). Farrell and Twining-Ward (2005) further expand this theoretical pos ition and write that a new thought in sustainable tourism depicts the world as constantly changing and full of uncertainty. Farrell and Twining-Ward (2005) recognise that changes in community and policy decisions greatly impact the nature of sustainability, and only theoretical approaches based on dynamic activities and change can serve the needs of students and researchers in sustainable tourism. This uncertainty actually led to the development of various theoretical models. Those models were expected to make the concept of sustainability more comprehensive and full. Macbeth, Carson and Northcote (2004) proposed a regional development perspective on sustainability to tackle with the limitations of more traditional resource-based models. Macbeth et al. (2004) assert that these models ignore the cultural and community aspects of tourism development, and a successful regional model of sustainable tourism will always contribute to the local social, political, and cultural capital (SPCC ). These principles are also echoed in Mowforth and Munt (2003) and Saarinen (2006). The notions of social theory and social capital are commonly used in sustainable tourism research. Hughes (2004) also applied to social theory in order to reduce the ambivalence surrounding the concept of sustainability in tourism. In Hughess (2004) view, sustainable tourism is a relevant response to a deep philosophic shift taking place in the tourism industry, when mass package models give place to individualisation and differentiation in holiday making. At the same time, researchers like Casagrandi and Rinaldi (2002) admit that implementing sustainability models in practice can be difficult and extremely problematic. Even in the presence of the best theoretical approaches, delivering quality tourism can be impossible without severely impacting the environment (Casagrandi Rinaldi 2002). One of the key questions asked by Casagrandi and Rinaldi (2002) is whether at all the concept of sustainability can be implemented in tourism, or whether it is designed merely to help businesses in the tourism industry generate profits. Lansing and De Vries (2007) discuss this issue in their work.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They claim that, because sustainability in tourism is so poorly defined, it is nothing but a marketing ploy (Lansing De Vries 2007). Sustainable tourism is expected to minimise the harm caused to the environment, but in reality, the level of pollution caused by traveling remains quite high (Lansing De Vries 2007). In economic terms, sustainability in tourism does little or nothing to reduce the problems posed by conventional tourism (Lansing De Vries 2007). These problems are further exacerbated by the lack of sustainability awareness in public. Miller, Rathouse, Scarles, Holmes and Tribe (2010) have explored the public understanding of sustainability in tourism and discovered that the respondents have little understanding of tourisms effects on their daily behaviours and practices. Moreover, the public does not feel empowered to manage their touristic and community activities in ways that benefit them (Miller et al. 2010). To a large extent, the tangible effects and benefits of sustainability in tourism remain more theoretical than practical. Nevertheless, the current literature contains numerous case studies of sustainable development in tourism and provides diverse opinions on how sustainability in tourism could be measured. Measuring Sustainability in Tourism The question of measuring sustainability is one of the most common themes in modern tourism research. Numerous researchers tried to define the limits and scope of sustainability in tourist activities. Various models have been proposed to enhance the measurability of sustainable activities in tourism. Nonetheless, the field of tourism lacks a single universal approach to sustainability measurement. Gossling, Hansson, Horstmeier and Saggel (2002) developed a methodological framework to calculate the ecological footprints of leisure tourism. At the core of the model are the impacts of air travel on the host environment: the researchers used the example of the Seychelles to prove that the ecological fo otprints model could be effectively used to meet the goals of sustainability measurement in tourism (Gossling et al. 2002). Later, Fernandez and Rivero (2009) recommended using a composite index to measure sustainability in tourism, based on factor loadings. Again, the example of Spanish tourism was used to prove that the proposed index could become a robust measure of sustainability in various tourist activities (Fernandez Rivero 2009). Simpson (2007) recommended using an integrated approach to assess the effects of tourism on sustainable livelihoods and community development. The proposed model incorporates the diverse factors and elements that impact sustainability, including geographical contexts, their employment and economic characteristics, ownership structure and governance, etc. (Simpson 2007). Despite the growing number of measurement models, the gap between theory and industry perceptions of useful sustainability indicators continues to persist (McCool, Moisey Nickerson 2001). Again, these controversies are rooted in the ambiguities of sustainable tourism, its concept and applications (McCool et al. 2001). Different agents pursue different goals and have different perceptions on which indicators should be used to achieve and measure sustainability. Therefore, it is difficult to imagine that scholars will arrive at any conceptual and measurement agreement anytime soon. Sustainability in Tourism: Application The current state of literature is rich in sustainability examples. Researchers develop case studies to analyse how sustainability can benefit tourism. Bearing in mind the controversies surrounding the concept of sustainability, the ways in which it is applied in tourism are also different. Still, the results of the recent real-life analyses can be used to identify and analyse the most common features of sustainable practices in tourism. The hotel industry is one of the most popular targets of sustainable tourism research. Chan and Lam (2003) ex plored a rooftop hotel pool as an example of sustainable practices in tourism. Chan and Lam (2003) confirmed that, due to considerable cost savings, the rooftop pool could become a relevant alternative to conventional pool equipment. In a similar fashion, Ayuso (2006) explored the use of voluntary tools of sustainability across several Spanish hotels. The results presented by Ayuso (2006) tell much about motivations behind the use of voluntary practices in tourism. On the one hand, hotel owners and managers display a limited understanding of the sustainability concept (Ayuso 2006). As a result, they are not always able to define how to meet their sustainability targets. On the other hand, voluntary sustainability practices are driven by factors other than the pursuit of economic profits (Ayuso 2006). Hotel managers often apply to sustainability in response to stakeholder demands or with respect to owners environmental concerns (Ayuso 2006). These results do not support the theoretic al assumptions of sustainability and its marketing benefits presented by Lansing and De Vries (2007). Lumsdon (2000) suggested that cycle tourism could become a relevant model of sustainability in tourism. The researcher explored the concept of a planned transport network, as applied in the UK (Lumsdon 2000). The model of planned transport networks incorporates four different stages, but Lumsdon (2000) believes that it has the potential to promote the idea of sustainability in local tourism. Muller (2000) proposed the model of second home tourism as a potential contributor to sustainability in rural areas. Muller (2000) used the examples of Northern Sweden and Finland to measure the effectiveness of second home tourism in the context of sustainability. Nasser (2003) also referred to sustainability through the prism of heritage places. The researcher proposed an integrated approach to managing heritage places that would help avoid the major conflicts between conservation and tourism needs (Nasser 2003). The results of these case studies suggest that different researchers have different visions of sustainability in tourism. Moreover, the way sustainability is defined and applied differs greatly across sites and destinations. The lack of uniformity and standardisation in sustainable applications further exacerbates the theoretical confusion surrounding the concept of sustainability in research. The current research into sustainability in tourism displays a series of methodological and conceptual limitations. First, sustainability lacks a single conceptual basis (Lansing De Vries 2007; Saarinen 2006). Second, the lack of clarity in defining and conceptualising sustainability makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of various sustainability practices in tourism. In the meantime, many questions related to sustainable practices in tourism remain overlooked or ignored. Researchers do not pay too much attention to the issues of tourist demand (Liu 2003). Others have a limited view of resource sustainability: preservation and conservation of tangible resources is clearly not enough to ensure that tourism is truly sustainable. Researchers and practitioners should appreciate the value of other, non-tangible resources that are essential, dynamic, and changeable (e.g. technological capabilities). The relationship between sustainability and tourism is often described in terms of meeting the needs of one stakeholder group or one generation of community members, while also ignoring the impacts of tourism on the future generations, as well as the distribution of tourism benefits across multiple stakeholders (Liu 2003). All these questions need relevant answers to ensure that the future research can present a balanced picture of sustainability in tourism. Conclusion The current state of literature provides rich information about sustainability in tourism. This review of literature was designed to highlight the major themes and limitations inherent in contemporary sustainable tourism research. To start with, researchers commonly agree that the concept of sustainability in tourism lacks a single universal definition. The definition of sustainability developed by the World Tourism Organisation is usually taken as the basis for policy development and analysis. Despite these controversies, researchers have applied a number of theories to reconsider the way sustainability in tourism works. Social theories are often used to review the fundamental elements of sustainable tourism. Some researchers acknowledge that sustainable tourism should contribute to the development of social and cultural capital. Nevertheless, the public remains unaware of the meaning of sustainability. Also, community members often feel disempowered to change the most common tourist practices. Contemporary researchers also lack any agreement on how sustainability in tourism should be measured. These difficulties stem from the lack of an adequate conceptual defin ition of sustainable tourism. In addition, the case studies of sustainable practices in tourism uncover a wide diversity of visions, decisions, and processes used by businesses to achieve and maintain a vision of sustainability in tourism. Unfortunately, the methodological and conceptual limitations of sustainable tourism research cannot be ignored. Researchers tend to ignore the importance of tourism demand, while also disregarding the ways, in which the benefits of sustainable tourism should be distributed among various community groups. Future researchers should focus on the analysis of sustainability and its conceptual underpinnings to arrive at a single and universally comprehensive definition of sustainability in tourism. References Ayuso, S 2006, Adoption of voluntary environmental tools for sustainable tourism: Analysing the experience of Spanish hotels, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, vol.13, pp.207-226. Casagrandi, R Rinaldi, S 2002, A theore tical approach to tourism sustainability, Conservation Ecology, vol.6, no.1, pp.13-20. Chan, WW Lam, JC 2003, Energy-saving supporting tourism sustainability: A case study of hotel swimming pool heat pump, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol.11, no.1, pp.74-83. Farrell, B Twining-Ward, L 2005, Seven steps towards sustainability: Tourism in the context of new knowledge, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol.13, no.2, pp.109-122. Fernandez, JI Rivero, MS 2009, Measuring tourism sustainability: Proposal for a composite index, Tourism Economics, vol.15, no.2, pp.277-296. Gossling, S, Hansson, CB, Horstmeier, O Saggel, S 2002, Ecological footprint analysis as a tool to assess tourism sustainability, Ecological Economics, vol.43, pp.199-211. Hughes, G 2004, Tourism, sustainability, and social theory, in AA Lew, CM Hall AM Williams (eds), A companion to tourism, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford,pp.498-505. Lansing, P De Vries, P 2007, Sustainable tourism: Ethical alternative or marketing p loy?, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.72, pp.77-85. Liu, Z 2003, Sustainable tourism development: A critique, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol.11, no.6, pp.459-475. Lumsdon, L 2000, Transport and tourism: Cycle tourism – A model for sustainable development?, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol.8, no.5, pp.361-377. McBeth, J, Carson, D Northcote, J 2004, Social capital, tourism and regional development: SPCC as a basis for innovation and sustainability, Current Issues in Tourism, vol.7, no.6, pp.502-522. McCool, SF, Moisey, RN Nickerson, NP 2001, What should tourism sustain? The disconnect with industry perceptions of useful indicators, Journal of Travel Research, vol.40, 124-131. Mowforth, M Munt, I 2003, The principles of sustainability in tourism, in M Mowforth I Munt (eds), Tourism and sustainability: New tourism in the Third World, Routledge, New York, pp.105-119. Miller, G, Rathouse, K, Scarles, C, Holmes, K Tribe, J 2010, Public understanding of sustainable tour ism, Annals of Tourism Research, vol.37, no.3, pp.627- 645. Muller, DK 2002, Second home tourism and sustainable development in north European peripheries, Tourism and Hospitality Research Surrey Quarterly Review, vol.3, pp.1-20. Nasser, N 2003, Planning for urban heritage places: Reconciling conservation, tourism, and sustainable development, Journal of Planning Literature, vol.17, no.4, pp.467-479. Saarinen, J 2006, Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies, Annals of Tourism Research, vol.33, no.4, pp.1121-1140. Simpson, MC 2007, An integrated approach to assess the impacts of tourism on community development and sustainable livelihoods, Community Development Journal, vol.44, no.2, pp.186-208.

Geograhpy middile east class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Geograhpy middile east class - Essay Example I would support a deal between my country and the Palestinians that secured access for Israel to the freshwater aquifer under the West Bank when it becomes an independent nation in exchange for free access for Palestinians to the Temple Mount. I would support this deal for two reasons. The first centers on vital access to fresh water that Israel desperately needs. Even though the Temple Mount is significant to Israelis, especially religious ones, there is nothing there that will help water crops, animals or people. The Temple Mount will not ensure fresh water for food processing or other industrial processes. We need access to that water in order to keep growing and strengthening our economy. The second reason we should strike this deal is to begin to change public perception of Israel. We are often viewed in this day and age as the side that inhibits movement in any peace process. If we would offer this deal, then we could show that we are really willing to negotiate about the diffi cult issues that separate us from the Palestinians. The Temple Mount is a sacred site for many Israelis. It is an important place for the Jewish nation. But the reality is, allowing access to Palestinians will not make it less sacred. Gaining access to the aquifer under the West Bank is necessary for the survival of the